projects

My project work ranges the full gamut from machine learning and artificial intelligence to healthcare and biology to biological engineering. I am eternally grateful for all of my mentors and collaborators who have helped me grow and strengthen my research muscle.

AURORA: Alignment-Guided Mutation Proposal for Protein Engineering

Spivakovsky, K., She, J., Shapiro, N., Ramesh, K. | May 2026

(Paraphrased from the abstract)

The prevailing computational approach for protein engineering uses a protein foundation model for two tasks: an oracle built on its representations scores mutation effects, and a search procedure proposes mutations through reinforcement learning.

We introduce an alignment-guided mutation proposer and oracle (AURORA), a protein engineering framework with two key components that optimize each of these tasks separately.

To search for optimal protein fitness, MSA Pairformer scores mutants while a separate lightweight policy trained with RL proposes mutations, enabling direct multi-site proposals rather than iterative single-site search. We then validate AURORA in vitro on green fluorescent protein, training on limited data to generate novel variants that demonstrate higher fluorescence than existing methods.

Accepted poster at ICML 2026 GenBio Workshop.

PythonBashStable Baselines-3HPC (SLURM)
Protein engineeringReinforcement learningPPOSyntheticsMSA-PairformerStructural and functional landscape prediction

Multimodal AI for clinical decision making

with Professor Paul Liang and David Dai @ MIT Media Lab's Multisensory Intelligence Group | Sep 2025 - Jun 2026

Multimodal reasoning based foundation models hold considerable promise for addressing key challenges in medical practice, yet their readiness for real-world deployment remains insufficiently explored. To bridge this gap, I contributed to developing a foundational model that excels in clinical generalizability and accuracy.

I've preprocessed EHR data from MIMIC-IV and used it in training for our foundational model, analyzed model performance before and after supervised finetuning, and evaluated model robustness to hallucinations and likelihood of perpetuating clinical inequities with LLM-as-a-judge.

Second author on a manuscript accepted by npj Digital Medicine.

PythonBashPyTorchVLLMDeepEvalHPC (SLURM)
Multimodal AIreasoningLLM-as-a-judgehallucination analysislarge-scale data preprocessingfinetuningreinforcement learning

Multimodal vision model to predict diabetic retinopathy

6.4300 Computer Vision Final Project | May 2025

MultiRetNet is a novel multimodal deep learning pipeline integrating retinal imaging, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidity data to accurately stage diabetic retinopathy. I led the design of the model and the evaluation pipeline, sparked my by interest in prioritizing safety with AI in healthcare.

I evaluated 3 multimodal fusion strategies in PyTorch (cross-attention, fully-connected layer, concatenation) and demonstrated that multimodal approaches reduced false negatives compared to unimodal baselines. Our results demonstrated state-of-the-art diagnostic accuracy (AUROC > 0.98) and potential for improving early detection and healthcare equity in underserved populations.

PythonPytorch
InterpretabilityHuman-in-the-loop Deferral systemSafe AI for HealthcareShapley scoresConvolutional neural networksCross attentionMultimodal fusion
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Lois, an on-demand callable AI agent to assist ER doctors

MIT Hacking Medicine GrandHack | March 2025

Every year, 24 million patients go untreated for alcohol addiction, costing the healthcare system $340 billion. One major reason is the lack of real-time access to addiction treatment beds and medication guidance for ER patients.

Alongside teammates with diverse life experiences, we set out to challenge this status quo — and in just 24 hours, we laid the foundation for a solution: a Poison Control hotline equivalent for alcohol addiction instead of toxicity. Introducing Lois — a callable AI agent that provides 24/7 addiction medication guidance and real-time treatment bed availability. Lois is named for the wife of Bill Wilson, founder of Alcoholics Anonymous.

In this project, I was the technical lead, first leading the technical design of our application, then later building and integrating the different components together into one workflow. I learned a lot from my teammates about the exigence for this problem, about not being afraid or guilty to outsource work to AI, and about how strangers' stories can be all that is needed to motivate a problem being solved.

PythonAPI DesignTwilio APIVapi AIWebscrapingNode.js
HackathonCallable Voice AgentHealthcareMental Health and Addiction Recovery
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Early prognosis of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease

6.7930 Machine Learning for Healthcare Final Project | May 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects 25% of adults in the United States and affects those with Type 2 diabetes and class III obesity at disproportionately higher rates. We present a deep learning-based framework for early prognosis of MAFLD in adults using structured clinical data from Mass General Brigham. Our approach utilizes binary classification, neural network prediction, linear and logistic regression, and survival modeling, as well as experimentation with addressing class imbalance. The study supports early clinical risk stratification and reveals predictive biomarkers using SHAP interpretation.

PythonHPC (SLURM)
EHR Data PreprocessingAddressing Class ImbalanceInterpretabilityTime-to-event predictionShapley scores

Transcriptomics based histological scoring for metabolic-associated steatohepatitis using machine learning

with Professor Doug Lauffenburger and Nikos Meimetis @ MIT Department of Biological Engineering | Feb 2024 - June 2025

MASH, the advanced stage of metabolic-associated steatosis liver disease, is characterized by severe accumulation of fat in the liver. The effort towards developing accurate in vitro liver models is crucial for better understanding disease progression and therapy development. A patient's disease severity is determined by a doctor's histological scoring of a liver biopsy, which produces two clinical scores: a fibrosis stage score and a NASH Activity Score (NAS). In this lab, I created various machine learning models (k-nearest neighbor, random forest, linear regression) to histologically score transcriptomic data with fibrosis stage score and NAS, allowing us to interpret in vitro liver-on-a-chip models using in vivo clinical language.

PythonBashPytorchHPC (SLURM)
Machine learningTranscriptomicsBulk RNA-seqModel benchmarking

Engineering and modeling chimeric antigen receptor macrophages to tackle cancer cachexia

MIT iGEM 2023 | Jan 2023 - Nov 2023

iGEM, an international synthetic biology competition for undergraduates, was my first exposure to entrepreneurship and research in academia. I led a three-person team to identify a new therapeutic target for cancer cachexia using synthetic biology. We developed a proof-of-concept for a novel immunotherapy: utilizing macrophages to express IL-6 specific chimeric antigen receptors, taking inspiration from CAR-T cell therapy andMorrissey, et al. (2018).

I came back to the project a few semesters afterwards to apply newfound computational modeling knowledge to model the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) behavior of a CAR-macrophage therapy in a real patient. Using differential equations to model the projected behavior, we quantified the expected therapy volume to achieve the desired biological response while also minimizing off-target effects.

First author on a manuscript under review at Frontiers of Systems Biology.

Awarded a silver medal at the 2023 iGEM Grand Jamboree.

PythonCell culturePlasmid designGel electrophoresisSDS-PAGETransforming e. coli and transfecting HEK293Fluorescent microscopyFlow cytometry
Synthetic biologyDifferential equation modelingProject management and leadership
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